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\title[] % (optional, use only with long paper titles)
{Transformations in Data-Oriented Parsing}

\subtitle[]
{\emph{Transforming declarative sentences \\
       into polar questions and vice versa}}

\author[] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
{Andreas van Cranenburgh (0440949) \\
Joost Winter (9928545)}

\institute[] % (optional, but mostly needed)
{Statistical Structure in Language Processing, University of Amsterdam}

\date[] % (optional)
{\today}

\subject{Talk}
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\section{Title}

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\section{Main talk}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Abstract}

\begin{itemize}
\item Extend DOP with \emph{transformations}: given a declarative sentence, get a polar question and vice versa
\item Generalize \emph{synchronous grammar} for CFGs to STSGs (DOP).
\item Contrast with transformational grammar: \\
   no Deep Structure, pure \emph{performance model}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
   \frametitle{Example}
   \begin{figure}
      % Dia, export to pdf; pdfcrop.
      \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{synchdop-crop}
      \caption{Transformational Grammar vs. Synchronous DOP}
   \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Synchronous grammars}
\begin{itemize}
\item The idea: to have rules, consisting of a single left hand side, and two right hand sides
\item Traditionally used for translation; may also be applied to transformations
\item In the case of DOP: we do not consider pairs of rules with a shared left hand side, but pairs of subtrees with a shared root node
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Representation}

Constituency structure \& movement

\begin{itemize}
\item Problem: \emph{Structure mismatch} between declarative sentence \& polar question
  %insert example diagram in a slide before this
\item Solution:
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \emph{Distituents}: constituents with gaps
  \item \emph{Dependency} structures w/phrase structure
  \item \emph{Ignore} subtrees for which there is no parallel subtree \\
    $\Rightarrow$ violates the \emph{DOP hypothesis} \\
 (does this cause overfitting / under-generalization?)
  \end{itemize}
\item Problem: \emph{auxiliary verb} in question but not in declarative sentence \\
	Example: mary walked $\Leftrightarrow$ did mary walk?
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
   \frametitle{PTB Example}
   \begin{figure}
      \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{maryishappyptb-crop}
      \caption{According to Penn Treebank bracketing}
   \end{figure}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
   \frametitle{Distituent example}
   \begin{figure}
     \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{maryishappy-crop}
     \caption{Using a discontinuous constituent}
   \end{figure}
\end{frame}
   

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Subtrees \& Operations}

  \emph{Subtrees}: \\
  Instead of with parallel rules, we now work with parallel subtrees.
 
%insert example diagrams

 \emph{Operations}: \\
 Synchronous substitution
% diagram?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Parallel Treebank}
Acquiring a gold standard treebank:

\begin{itemize}
\item Pilot: \emph{Hand annotated} gold standard
\item or: available already?
\item induce treebank through \emph{bootstrapping}? semi-supervised or unsupervised? \\
  (ie., take Penn Treebank and turn every declarative sentence into a tuple with a polar question as well)
\end{itemize}

Evaluation: standard \textsc{parseval} measures.

\end{frame}

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  \frametitle{Planning}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Define formalism
  \item Implementation
  \item Acquire treebank
  \item Evaluation
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\end{document}

