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\title[] % (optional, use only with long paper titles)
{Language \& Thought}

\subtitle {A talk on {\em Magic Words: How language augments human computation}
 by Andy Clark}

\author[] % (optional, use only with lots of authors)
{Andreas van Cranenburgh}

\institute[] % (optional, but mostly needed)
{Universiteit van Amsterdam}

\date[] % (optional)
{November 25th, 2008}

\subject{Talks}
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\begin{document}
\section{Title}
\begin{frame}
  \titlepage
\end{frame}

\section{Abstract}
\begin{frame}
{\bf Abstract} 
\begin{itemize}
\item Language is a tool: not only for communication, \\ 
	$\Rightarrow$ also for thinking \medskip
\item The Extended mind: Cognition is not only in the brain, \\
	$\Rightarrow$ also in our tools \medskip 
\item No need for nativism: language introduces new concepts to us \\
	in a prepackaged format \medskip
\end{itemize}

\end{frame}

\section{Main talk}
\begin{frame}
{\bf Supra-Communicative views on Language}
%(ie., language is more than communication)
\bigskip

``Vygotsky [...] pioneered the idea that language has a profound effect on
cognitive development'' \medskip
\begin{description}
\item[inner speech]
	$\Rightarrow$ eg., rehearsing steps to solve a problem
\item[scaffolded action]
	$\Rightarrow$ reliance on external support \\
	(tools, knowledge, skills etc.)
\end{description}

\end{frame}
\newpage

\begin{frame}
\bigskip
Dennett: 
\begin{itemize}
\item speaking affects the behavior of others, but also of ourself! \medskip

\item learning language means reprogramming the mind: \\
	$\Rightarrow$ language as serial machine implemented on a
	connectionist architecture.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\newpage

\begin{frame}
A crane augments the strength of its operator:
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.65]{crane}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\newpage

\begin{frame}
Just as books augment the intelligence of their readers:
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.16]{books}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\newpage

\begin{frame}
{\bf Six ways in which language augments human computation}
\bigskip
\begin{itemize}
\item memory augmentation
\medskip
\item environmental simplification
\medskip
\item coordination and the reduction of on-line deliberation
\medskip
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
{\bf Six ways in which language augments human computation (continued)}
\bigskip
\begin{itemize}
\item taming path-dependent learning
\medskip
\item attention and resource allocation
\medskip
\item data manipulation and representation
\medskip
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\newpage

\begin{frame}
{\bf Mangrove forests}
\bigskip
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{mangrove}
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\newpage

\begin{frame}
{\bf Meta-cognition: thinking about thinking}
\begin{quote}
``Public language and the inner rehearsal of sentences would, on this model,
act like the aerial roots of the Mangrove tree -- the words would serve as
fixed points capable of attracting and positioning additional intellectual
matter, creating the islands of second-order thought so characteristic of the
cognitive landscape of homo sapiens.''
\end{quote}
\end{frame}

\newpage

\begin{frame}
{\bf The extended mind}
Where does the mind end and the world begin?
\begin{itemize}
\item `Internal' representations piggyback on external tools: \\
	$\Rightarrow$ `internal code' is not universal nor a `language of
	thought' \\
	$\Rightarrow$ why would we need a strict separation between data and
	process?
\medskip
\item Language is the crystallization of centuries of wisdom and thought: \\
	$\Rightarrow$ language crosses the boundaries between mind, body and
	world
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

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\newpage
\section{Conclusion}
\begin{frame}
{\bf Conclusion}

\begin{itemize}
\item Language is a tool: not only for communication, \\
	also for thinking \medskip
\item The Extended mind: Cognition is not only in the brain, \\
	also in our tools \medskip 
\item No need for nativism: language introduces new concepts to us 
	in a prepackaged format \medskip
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\newpage
\section{Bibliography}
\begin{frame}
{\bf Bibliography}
%\bibliographystyle{plainnat}
\begin{thebibliography}{9}

\bibitem{Clark} 
	Andy Clark,
	\emph{Magic words: How language augments human computation},
	in Language \& Thought, P.\ Carruthers and J.\ Boucher (eds.)

\end{thebibliography}
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\end{document}
